[Feedback on the first three years of application of the reform of the third cycle in oncology]. / La phase socle en oncologie : retour d'expérience sur les trois premières années d'application de la réforme du troisième cycle.

Since the establishment of the reform of medical studies' third cycle in 2017, the first two residency semesters define the "phase socle" whose objective is to provide the basic knowledge of the specialty. We have carried out a declarative survey, submitted in 2020 to all French residents in Oncology whose "phase socle" had taken place during the first 3 years of the reform. The main objectives of this survey were to evaluate the theoretical teaching of oncology as well as the practical hospital training provided during this phase. The response rate was 44% (among 355 residents, 155 answered). In terms of theoretical training, the level of satisfaction with the national teaching courses of the Collège National des Enseignants en Cancérologie and the distant learning courses on the SIDES-NG platform was considered satisfactory (average visual analog scale of 6.7/10 and 5.7/10, respectively). There was greater heterogeneity in the organization of local courses, of which only 50% of base phase residents benefited. In terms of practical training, the training value of the medical oncology and radiation oncology residencies was good (visual analogue scale 7.9/10 and 6.7/10, respectively), with educational objectives adapted to the base phase, but with a greater workload for medical oncology. This study provides feedback that shows the success of this reform in oncology. It also offers suggestions, which could be the basis to improve the formation of oncology residents.

Pattern of care in radiotherapy at a University Hospital in Spain: the RENORT project

Purpose RENORT is a novel data mining application developed to extract relevant clinical data from oncology information systems (OIS; ARIA and Mosaiq) used in radiation oncology (RO). Methods/patients We used RENORT to extract demographic and clinical data from the OIS of all patients treated at the RO Department at the General Hospital of Valencia during the year 2019. Results A total of 1158 treatments were performed. The female/male ratio was 39.3%/60.7%, with a mean age of 66 years. The mean waiting time between the treatment decision/proposal to the first visit was 10.1 days. Mean duration of the treatment preparation process was 21 days. Most patients (90.4%) completed treatment within the prescribed time ± 7 days. The most common sites/treatment types were: metastatic/palliative treatments (n = 300; 25.9%), breast (209; 18.0%), genitourinary (195; 16.8%), digestive (116; 10.0%), thoracic (104; 9.0%), head and neck (62; 5.4%), and skin cancer (51; 4.4%). The distribution according to treatment intent was as follows: palliative (n = 266; 23.0%), adjuvant curative (335; 28.9%), radical without adjuvant treatment (229; 19.8%), radical with concomitant treatment (188; 16.2%), curative neoadjuvant (70; 6.0%), salvage radiotherapy (61; 5.3%); and reirradiation (9; 0.8%). The most common treatment techniques were IMRT/VMAT with IGRT (n = 468; 40.4%), 3D-CRT with IGRT (421; 36.4%), SBRT (127; 11.0%), 2DRT (57; 4.9%), and SFRT (56; 4.8%). A mean of 15.9 fractions were administered per treatment. Hypofractionated schemes were used in 100% of radical intent breast and prostate cancer treatments. Conclusions The RENORT application facilitates data retrieval from oncology information systems to allow for a comprehensive determination of the real role of radiotherapy in the treatment of cancer patients. This application is valuable to identify patterns of care and to assess treatment efficacy (AU)

Resilience in Radiotherapy Services During the COVID-19 Emergency: Collaboration Between the Regional Radiation Oncology Departments of Lazio, Abruzzo and Molise.

AIM: Radiation therapy is a cornerstone of oncological treatment and oncological patients show greater risk of developing complications related to COVID-19 infection. Stringent social restrictions have ensured a significant reduction in the spread of the virus, but also gave rise to a number of critical issues for radiation oncology wards. For this reason, the Directors of the Radiation Oncology Departments (RODs) of Lazio, Abruzzo and Molise regions shared their experience and ideas in order to create a common document that may assist in facing the negative impacts of the pandemic on radiation oncology wards and patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study was conducted according to the Estimate-Talk-Estimate method. Five issues were proposed and rated. Among approved issues, statements were proposed anonymously, then harmonized and finally voted on according to a Likert scale from 1 to 9. Those for which an agreement of 7-9 was observed were finally approved. RESULTS: The document was developed with 42 statements dealing about safety measures for patients and staff, organization of clinical and work activities, usage of Information Technology systems for meetings/smart working. An agreement was recorded for 34 statements. CONCLUSION: This document sets out some recommendations for RODs and can provide valuable management information for Oncological Radiotherapy wards.

Daily waiting and treatment times at an advanced radiation oncology setup: A 4-year audit of consecutive patients from single institution.

PURPOSE: We present our data for every single fraction for every patient treated at our center for the past 4 years, analyzing the waiting and treatment times. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 2014 and February 2018, all patients and their corresponding recorded measurements of waiting time and machine treatment time were analyzed. Times recorded included actual arrival time, designated arrival time, linac entry time, and last beam treatment time. The complete waiting time information was divided into two categories (1) first day treatments and (2) subsequent day treatments. SPSS version 18 was used for statistical calculations, correlations, and assessing significance. RESULTS: First day treatments - of 1982 patients following treatments were carried out; 1557 volumetric-modulated arc therapy (78.6%), 88 three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (RT) (4.4%), 14 electron (0.7%), 10 intensity-modulated RT (0.5%), 264 stereotactic irradiation (13.3%), 17 stereotactic body RT (0.7%), and 32 total body irradiation (1.6%). The mean (± standard deviation) times for early/late time, total spent time (TST), wait time gross (WTG), and wait time net (WTN) were 11.0 ± 49.6 min, 74.7 ± 44.8 min, 47.46 ± 43.9 min, and 24.1 ± 44.4 min, respectively. Subsequent day treatments - a total of 34,438 sessions of treatment delivery were recorded. Overall average WTG was 37.4 ± 32.7 min. Overall WTN was 12.1 ± 62.7 min. Overall mean total spent time (TST) was 52.4 ± 33.0 min, overall mean setup and treatment time was 15.1 ± 10.9 min. CONCLUSION: We have presented our results of patient-related times during RT. Our study covers the daily waiting times before RT as well as the actual treatment times during modern-day RT. This consecutive patient data from a large series shall be an important resource tool for future planners and policymakers.

National variation in the delivery of radiation oncology procedures in the non-facility-based setting.

PURPOSE: Though utilization of medical procedures has been shown to vary considerably across the United States, similar efforts to characterize variation in the delivery of radiation therapy (RT) procedures have not been forthcoming. Our aim was to characterize variation in the delivery of common RT procedures in the Medicare population. We hypothesized that delivery would vary significantly based on provider characteristics. METHODS: The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Physician and Other Supplier Public Use File was linked to the CMS Physician Compare (PC) database by physician NPI to identify and sum all treatment delivery charges submitted by individual radiation oncologists in the non-facility-based (NFB) setting in 2016. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was carried out to determine provider characteristics (gender, practice rurality, practice region, and years since graduation) that predicted for the delivery of 3D conformal RT (3DCRT), intensity modulated RT (IMRT), stereotactic body RT (SBRT), stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), low dose rate (LDR) brachytherapy, and high dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy delivery in the Medicare patient population. The overall significance of categorical variables in the multivariable logistic regression model was assessed by the likelihood ratio test (LRT). RESULTS: In total, 1,802 physicians from the NFB practice setting were analyzed. Male gender predicted for greater LDR brachytherapy delivery (OR 8.19, 95% CI 2.58-26.05, p < 0.001), but not greater delivery of other technologies. Metropolitan practice was the only predictor for greater HDR brachytherapy utilization (OR 12.95, 95% CI 1.81-92.60, p = 0.01). Practice region was predictive of the delivery of 3DCRT, SRS and SBRT (p < 0.01, p < 0.001, and p < 0.001, respectively). With the Northeast as the reference region, 3DCRT was more likely to be delivered by providers in the South (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.09-1.62, p < 0.01) and the West (OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.11-1.71, p < 0.01). At the same time, SRS use was less likely in the Midwest (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.55-0.91, p < 0.01), South (OR 0.49, 95% CI 0.40-0.61, p < 0.001), and West (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.34-0.55, p < 0.001). SBRT, on the other hand, was more commonly utilized in the Midwest (OR 2.63, 95% CI 1.13-6.13, p = 0.03), South (OR 3.44, 95% CI 1.58-7.49, p < 0.01), and West (OR 4.87, 95% CI 2.21-10.72, p < 0.001). HDR brachytherapy use was also more likely in the Midwest (OR 1.97, 95% CI 1.11-3.49, p = 0.02) and West (OR 1.87, 95% CI 1.08-3.24, p = 0.03). While the degree held by the billing physician did not predict for delivery of a given procedure, greater years since graduation was related to decreased likelihood of SBRT use (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.96-0.99, p < 0.001) and increased likelihood of LDR brachytherapy use (OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.00-1.04, p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Substantial geographic variation in the use of specific RT technologies was identified. The degree to which this variation reflects effective care, preference-sensitive care, or supply-sensitive care warrants further investigation.

Radiation Oncology in the Land of the Pyramids: How Sudan Continues to Push the Frontiers of Cancer Care in Eastern Africa.

When faced with illness, Sudanese patients have traditionally relied primarily on folklore healers. In the recent past, Sudan increased its health care spending and placed ever-greater importance on medical education. Although traditional remedies still play an important role, Sudanese patients increasingly consult conventional medicine. Not only infectious diseases but also a rising burden of noncommunicable conditions, including cancer, represent major health care challenges. Therefore, Sudan will need to make the best out of the limited resources available and further increase investment in health care to confront these trends successfully. Sudan was one of the first African countries to recognize the importance of radiation oncology in multidisciplinary cancer care and began investing in it in the 1960s. Today, there are 4 comprehensive cancer centers in the country, which offer radiation therapy and employ 10 radiation therapy machines for a population of about 45 million people. This proportion is an indication that Sudan still has an underfunded health care system with a lack of infrastructure and human resources. The present manuscript intends to provide a well-rounded overview of radiation oncology in Sudan today.

Satisfaction among Cancer Patients Undergoing Radiotherapy during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Institutional Experience.

The COVID-19 pandemic has shifted oncology practices to prioritize patient safety while maintaining necessary treatment delivery. We obtained patient feedback on pandemic-based practices in our radiotherapy department to improve quality of patient care and amend policies as needed. We developed a piloted questionnaire which quantitatively and qualitatively assessed patients' pandemic-related concerns and satisfaction with specific elements of their care. Adult patients who were treated at our Centre between 23 March and 31 May 2020, had initial consultation via telemedicine, and received at least five outpatient fractions of radiotherapy were invited to complete the survey by telephone or online. Relative frequencies of categorical and ordinal responses were then calculated. Fifty-three (48%) out of 110 eligible patients responded: 32 patients by phone and 21 patients online. Eighteen participants (34%) admitted to feeling anxious about hospital appointments, and only five (9%) reported treatment delays. Forty-eight patients (91%) reported satisfaction with their initial telemedicine appointment. The majority of patients indicated that healthcare workers took appropriate precautions, making them feel safe. Overall, all 53 patients (100%) reported being satisfied with their treatment experience during the pandemic. Patient feedback is needed to provide the highest quality of patient care as we adapt to the current reality.

Multinational Study to Assess Stress Levels Among the Health Care Workers of Radiation Oncology Community at the Outset of the COVID-19 Pandemic.

PURPOSE: To evaluate stress levels among the health care workers (HCWs) of the radiation oncology community in Asian countries. METHODS: HCWs of the radiation oncology departments from 29 tertiary cancer care centers of Bangladesh, India, Indonesia and Nepal were studied from May 2020 to July 2020. A total of 758 eligible HCWs were identified. The 7-Item Generalized Anxiety Disorder, 9-Item Patient Health Questionnaire, and 22-Item Impact of Events Scale-Revised were used for assessing anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Univariate and multivariate analysis was done to identify the causative factors affecting mental health. RESULTS: A total of 758 participants from 794 HCWs were analyzed. The median age was 31 years (IQR, 27-28). The incidence of moderate to severe levels of anxiety, depression, and stress was 34.8%, 31.2%, and 18.2%, respectively. Severe personal concerns were noticed by 60.9% of the staff. On multivariate analysis, the presence of commonly reported symptoms of COVID-19 during the previous 2 weeks, contact history (harzard ratio [HR], 2.04; CI, 1.15 to 3.63), and compliance with precautionary measures (HR, 1.69; CI, 1.19 to 2.45) for COVID-19 significantly predicted for increasing anxiety (HR, 2.67; CI, 1.93 to 3.70), depression (HR, 3.38; CI 2.36 to 4.84), and stress (HR, 2.89; CI, 1.88 to 4.43) (P < .001). A significant regional variation was also noticed for anxiety, stress, and personal concerns. CONCLUSION: This survey conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic revealed that a significant proportion of HCWs in the radiation oncology community experiences moderate to severe levels of anxiety, depression, and stress. This trend is alarming and it is important to identify and intervene at the right time to improve the mental health of HCWs to avoid any long-term impacts.

No Longer a Match: Trends in Radiation Oncology National Resident Matching Program (NRMP) Data from 2010-2020 and Comparison Across Specialties.

PURPOSE: To report trends in the number and types of applicants and matched trainees to radiation oncology in comparison to other specialties participating in the National Resident Matching Program (NRMP) between 2010 and 2020. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Data from the NRMP and Electronic Residency Application System (ERAS) were obtained for 18 medical specialties between 2010 and 2020. We assessed the numbers and types of applicants and matched trainees relative to available positions in the NRMP and Supplemental Offer and Acceptance Program (SOAP). RESULTS: In the 2020 NRMP, 122 US MD senior graduates preferentially ranked radiation oncology, a significant decrease from a median of 187 between 2010 to 2019 (interquartile range [IQR], 170-192; P < .001). Across all 18 specialties, radiation oncology experienced the greatest declines in the 2020 NRMP cycle relative to 2010 to 2019, in both the number of ERAS applicants from the United States and Canada (-31%) and the percentage of positions filled by US MD or DO senior graduates (-28%). Of 189 available positions, 81% (n = 154) filled in the NRMP prior to the SOAP, of which 65% (n = 122) were "matched" by US MD senior graduates who preferentially ranked radiation oncology as their top choice of specialty, representing a significant decrease from a median of 92% between 2010 to 2019 (IQR, 88%-94%; P = .002). The percentages of radiation oncology programs and positions unfilled in the NRMP prior to the SOAP were significantly increased in 2020 compared with 2010 to 2019 (programs: 29% vs 8% [IQR, 5%-8%; P < .001]; positions: 19% vs 4% [IQR, 2%-4%; P <.001]). Despite >99% (n = 127 of 128) of US MD or DO senior applicants preferring radiation oncology successfully matching to a radiation oncology position in the 2020 NRMP, 16 of 35 remaining unfilled positions were filled via the SOAP. Radiation oncology was the top user of the SOAP across all specialties participating in the 2020 NRMP, filling 15% of total positions versus a median of 0.9% (IQR, 0.3%-2.3%; P <.001). CONCLUSIONS: The supply of radiation oncology residency positions now far exceeds demand by graduating US medical students. Efforts to nullify a market correction revealed by medical student behavior via continued reliance on the SOAP to fill historical levels of training positions may not be in the best of interest of trainees, individual programs, or the specialty as a whole.

Management of multiple brain metastases: a patterns of care survey within the German Society for Radiation Oncology.

PURPOSE: The treatment of brain metastases (BM) has changed considerably in recent years and in particular, the management of multiple BM is currently undergoing a paradigm shift and treatment may differ from current guidelines. This survey was designed to analyze the patterns of care in the management of multiple BM. METHODS: An online survey consisting of 36 questions was distributed to the members of the German Society for Radiation Oncology (DEGRO). RESULTS: In total, 193 physicians out of 111 institutions within the German Society for Radiation oncology responded to the survey. Prognostic scores for decision making were not used regularly. Whole brain radiotherapy approaches (WBRT) are the preferred treatment option for patients with multiple BM, although stereotactic radiotherapy treatments are chosen by one third depending on prognostic scores and overall number of BM. Routine hippocampal avoidance (HA) in WBRT is only used by a minority. In multiple BM of driver-mutated non-small cell lung cancer origin up to 30% favor sole TKI therapy as upfront treatment and would defer upfront radiotherapy. CONCLUSION: In multiple BM WBRT without hippocampal avoidance is still the preferred treatment modality of choice regardless of GPA and mutational status, while SRT is only used in patients with good prognosis. Evidence for both, SRS and hippocampal avoidance radiotherapy, is growing albeit the debate over the appropriate treatment in multiple BM is yet not fully clarified. Further prospective assessment of BM management-ideally as randomized trials-is required to align evolving concepts with the proper evidence and to update current guidelines.

Pattern of care in radiotherapy at a University Hospital in Spain: the RENORT project.

PURPOSE: RENORT is a novel data mining application developed to extract relevant clinical data from oncology information systems (OIS; ARIA and Mosaiq) used in radiation oncology (RO). METHODS/PATIENTS: We used RENORT to extract demographic and clinical data from the OIS of all patients treated at the RO Department at the General Hospital of Valencia during the year 2019. RESULTS: A total of 1158 treatments were performed. The female/male ratio was 39.3%/60.7%, with a mean age of 66 years. The mean waiting time between the treatment decision/proposal to the first visit was 10.1 days. Mean duration of the treatment preparation process was 21 days. Most patients (90.4%) completed treatment within the prescribed time ± 7 days. The most common sites/treatment types were: metastatic/palliative treatments (n = 300; 25.9%), breast (209; 18.0%), genitourinary (195; 16.8%), digestive (116; 10.0%), thoracic (104; 9.0%), head and neck (62; 5.4%), and skin cancer (51; 4.4%). The distribution according to treatment intent was as follows: palliative (n = 266; 23.0%), adjuvant curative (335; 28.9%), radical without adjuvant treatment (229; 19.8%), radical with concomitant treatment (188; 16.2%), curative neoadjuvant (70; 6.0%), salvage radiotherapy (61; 5.3%); and reirradiation (9; 0.8%). The most common treatment techniques were IMRT/VMAT with IGRT (n = 468; 40.4%), 3D-CRT with IGRT (421; 36.4%), SBRT (127; 11.0%), 2DRT (57; 4.9%), and SFRT (56; 4.8%). A mean of 15.9 fractions were administered per treatment. Hypofractionated schemes were used in 100% of radical intent breast and prostate cancer treatments. CONCLUSIONS: The RENORT application facilitates data retrieval from oncology information systems to allow for a comprehensive determination of the real role of radiotherapy in the treatment of cancer patients. This application is valuable to identify patterns of care and to assess treatment efficacy.

Quality of life in patients with breakthrough cancer pain in radiation oncology departments in Spain: the CAVIDIOR study.

Aim: The CAVIDIOR study evaluated quality of life (QoL) in patients with breakthrough cancer pain receiving palliative radiation therapy in radiation oncology departments (RODs) in Spain. Patients & methods: Prospective observational study at 11 Spanish RODs (July 2016-November 2017). QoL was assessed using Short Form Health Survey 12. Secondary end points were sleep quality, caregiver burden and patient/perception of improvement. Results: QoL improved according to the Short Form Health Survey 12 mental component. Sleep quality and caregivers' burden improved significantly. Conclusion: Breakthrough cancer pain is highly prevalent and can be substantially reduced with appropriate diagnosis and management in RODs. Along with the QoL questionnaire, sleep quality and caregiver burden provide a more comprehensive assessment of overall health status in patients receiving radiation therapy in RODs. Clinical trial registration: NCT02836379 (ClinicalTrials.gov).

Increased Pain Reporting by Head and Neck Cancer Patients at Radiation Oncology Consultation: A Quality-of-Life Analysis.

OBJECTIVES: Head and neck cancers (HNC) are associated with significant morbidity. Quality-of-life (QoL) analyses can assist with understanding subjective factors shaping the patient experience. Here, we assess for patient and/or tumor factors associated with increased pain reporting at the time of initial radiation oncology consultation at a single institution in 2015. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective cross-sectional questionnaire research. METHODS: All new patient consultations in 2015 were offered the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality-of-Life Questionnaire Core-30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) survey. HNC patients were also offered the EORTC QLQ-HN35 module. Retrospective chart review was performed on patients who completed the surveys. Patient demographics, tumor characteristics, and QoL responses were analyzed for potential associations. Statistical analyses were conducted using SAS v9.4 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC), with P < .05 considered significant. RESULTS: Of 771 new patient consultations, 137 consultations were for HNC patients. Of those, 62 patients completed both surveys. HNC patients reported greater pain relative to all other disease sites (odds ratio [OR]: 2.05; P < .01). On univariate analysis of the EORTC QLQ-C30 data, increased pain was found to be associated with tumor size > 4 cm (OR: 3.05; P ≤ .05). The EORTC QLQ-HN35 data revealed lymph node involvement to be independently associated with pain (OR: 3.12; P ≤ .05). On multivariate analysis, increased pain was associated with lack of pain medication prescription at the time of consultation (P ≤ .05) and age ≥ 65 years (P ≤ .05). CONCLUSION: Patients with HNC reported significantly more pain at consultation than patients with other primary malignancies. Understanding factors contributing to subjective pain may allow providers to potentially address these symptoms proactively to improve patients' QoL. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 2c - Outcomes research. Laryngoscope, 131:326-332, 2021.

Travel Time to Radiation Oncology Facilities in the United States and the Influence of Certificate of Need Policies.

PURPOSE: Radiation therapy often requires weeks of daily treatment making travel distance a known barrier to care. However, the full extent and variability of travel burden, defined by travel time, across the nation is poorly understood. Additionally, some states restrict radiation oncology (RO) services through Certificate of Need (CON) policies, but it is unknown how this affects travel times to care. Therefore, we aim to evaluate travel times to US RO facilities and assess the association with CON policies. METHODS AND MATERIALS: RO facilities were identified from the 2018 National Plan and Provider Enumeration System (n = 2302). Travel times from populated US census tracts to nearest facility were calculated; differences by rurality, area deprivation, and region were computed. Multivariable linear regression was used to estimate adjusted differences in travel time by area characteristics. Logistic regression was used to assess the association of state CON laws with travel time >1 hour. RESULTS: Among 72,471 census tracts, 92.4% were within 1 hour of the nearest radiation facility. Among the 12,453 rural tracts, 34.4% were >1 hour. On adjusted analysis, the 3054 isolated rural tracts had an estimated 58-minute (95% confidence interval [CI] 57, 59; P < .001) longer travel time than urban tracts. CON laws decreased rural travel time overall, but the association varied by region with decreased odds of prolonged travel in the South (P < .001), increased odds in the Northeast and Midwest (P < .001), and no association in the West (P = NS). CONCLUSIONS: Isolated rural US census tracts, accounting for 9.4 million Americans, have nearly 1-hour longer adjusted travel time to the nearest RO facility, compared with urban tracts. CON laws had region-dependent associations with prolonged travel.

A snapshot on radiotherapy for head and neck cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic: a survey of the Italian Association of Radiotherapy and Clinical Oncology (AIRO) head and neck working group.

OBJECTIVES: The objective of the paper was to assess real-life experience in the management of head and neck cancer (HNC) patients during the COVID-19 pandemic in radiotherapy departments and to evaluate the variability in terms of adherence to American Society of Radiation Oncology (ASTRO) and European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology (ESTRO) recommendations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In May 2020, an anonymous 30-question online survey, comparing acute phase of outbreak and pre-COVID-19 period, was conducted. Two sections exploited changes in general management of HNC patients and different HNC primary tumors, addressing specific statements from ASTRO ESTRO consensus statement as well. RESULTS: Eighty-eight questionnaires were included in the demographic/clinical workflow analysis, and 64 were analyzed for treatment management. Forty-eight percent of radiotherapy departments became part of oncologic hubs. First consultations reduced, and patients were addressed to other centers in 33.8 and 18.3% of cases, respectively. Telematic consultations were used in 50% of follow-up visits and 73.9% of multidisciplinary tumor board discussions. There were no practical changes in the management of patients affected by different primitive HNCs. Hypofractionation was not favored over conventional schedules. CONCLUSIONS: Compared to pre-COVID era, the clinical workflow was highly re-organized, whereas there were no consistent changes in RT indications and schedules.

Radiotherapy activities and technological equipment in Veneto, Italy: a report from the Rete Radioterapica Veneta.

BACKGROUND: Despite the pivotal role of radiotherapy in oncology, the provision of radiation treatments remains inadequate in many areas of the world. The present report is an assessment conducted among Radiation Oncology centers of Veneto region with the aim to collect information concerning radiotherapy assets and technological equipment availability. METHODS: Data concerning Veneto Radiation Oncology departments about radiotherapy activities, number of treatments, techniques used and radiotherapy machines available were collected. The reference time period was 2018. Reimbursement system databases and business intelligence systems were used. Extra-regional attraction and migration were evaluated. When available, data were compared to previous years. RESULTS: Veneto in 2018 was endowed with 1 megavolt unit for about 153,000 inhabitants. The number of megavolt machines per million inhabitants resulted to be 6.72. In 51% of radiotherapy treatments, intensity-modulated techniques were performed. Six percent of treatments were administered to extra-regional patients. CONCLUSION: Radiotherapy assets and equipment in Veneto seem to be appropriate to standard requests in terms of availability and technology.

Journey to Diversity in a University Radiation Oncology Residency Program: The Role of Leadership and Target Goals.

OBJECTIVES: Increasing diversity in radiation oncology with respect to sex, under-represented minorities (URMs), and people of color is a major objective of our profession. The purpose of this project is to plot diversity percentages in our residency program over the past 52 years and explain major causes for change when identified. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Plots of the percent of residents in our program each year between 1967 and 2020 in the following categories: White male, female, URM, and people of color. RESULTS: Between 1967 and 1992 diversity percentage in our program changed little with ∼90% of residents representing White males. Between 1992 and 1995, overall diversity increased by 40 percentage points, a change maintained from 1995 to 2020. Approximate annual percentages over the past 25 years were: female, 35%; URM, 10%; and people of color, 25%.The main reason for increased diversity starting in 1992 was new leadership seeking to promote diversity. Tools that helped promote diversity were measuring our diversity profile and setting target goals. CONCLUSIONS: Our experience provides a model to measure diversity and track performance over time in residency programs, departments, or practice groups. The priority to place on diversity, and specific performance goals, vary by group. For those seeking to increase diversity, our experience shows it is possible to achieve substantial diversity in all categories, but change requires leadership making diversity a priority.

Evaluating Bias in Speaker Introductions at the American Society for Radiation Oncology Annual Meeting.

PURPOSE: Introducing a physician without a professional title may reinforce bias in medicine by influencing perceived credibility. We evaluated differences in the use of professional titles in introductions of speakers at recent American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO) Annual Meetings. METHODS AND MATERIALS: We reviewed recordings from the 2017 to 2019 ASTRO Annual Meetings and included complete introductions of speakers with a doctoral degree. Professional introduction was defined as "Doctor" or "Professor" followed by the speaker's full or last name. We collected use of professional introduction, introducer gender, speaker gender, and speaker professional and demographic variables. Identified speakers were sent surveys to collect self-reported demographic data. Analysis was performed using χ2 tests and multivariable logistic regression (MVA). RESULTS: Of 3267 presentations reviewed, 1226 (38%) met the inclusion criteria. Overall, 805 (66%) speakers and 710 (58%) introducers were men. Professional introductions were used in 74% (2017), 71% (2018), and 69% (2019) of the presentations. There was no difference in the use of professional introductions for male and female speakers (71% vs 73%; P = .550). On MVA, male introducers were associated with decreased use of professional address (odds ratio [OR], 0.36; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.26-0.49; P < .001). At the 2019 conference, professional introduction was less likely to be used (2019 vs 2017: OR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.49-0.96; P = 0.026). Those who self-identified as Asian/Pacific Islander were twice as likely to receive a professional introduction compared with those who identified as white (OR, 1.95; 95% CI, 1.07-3.64; P = .033). CONCLUSION: Male introducers were significantly less likely to introduce any speaker, regardless of gender, by their professional title, and overall use of professional introductions decreased from 2017 to 2019. Furthermore, no difference in professional introduction use by speaker gender was identified at the recent ASTRO meetings. Implementing speaker guidelines could increase the use of professional introductions and raise awareness of unconscious bias at future ASTRO meetings.